Author :
Abstract
Son yıllarda, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin iktidar olmasıyla birlikte, Türkiye küresel arenada aktif bir oyuncu haline gelmiş, böylelikle birçok uluslararası açıdan, Batılı müttefiklerini de göz önünde bulundurarak, yüksek derecede bağımsız kararlar alabilme ve uygulama imkânına sahip olmuştur. Bu, Türkiye’nin komşu ülkelerle ve daha önce göz ardı edilen bölgelerle dış ve ekonomik politika ortaklıklarının yoğunlaşmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, Latin Amerika ve Karayip ülkeleri, Türkiye'nin dış politikasının kilit ve gelecek vaat eden hatlarından biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, durgunluk ve canlanma dönemlerinin ardından 2016 yılı itibari ile yoğunlaşan ve çeşitlenen Türkiye Venezuela ortaklığı örneği üzerinden Türkiye'nin Latin Amerika açılım politikasını irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Venezuela, Türkiye’nin Latin Amerika ve Karayipler bölgesinde ilk diplomatik ilişki kurduğu ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Uzun yıllardır coğrafi uzaklık nedeniyle sınırlı kalan Türkiye-Venezuela ilişkileri, Türkiye'nin Latin Amerika ve Karayipler'e açılım politikasının yanı sıra son yıllarda artan karşılıklı üst düzey ziyaretler aracılığıyla yeni bir ivme kazanmıştır. Bu kıtalararası işbirliği, diplomatik bağların derinleşmesinin yanı sıra ticari ve ekonomik ilişkilerin artmasına da yansımıştır. Çalışmada, Türkiye ve Venezuela arasındaki bu ortaklığın altında yatan kilit unsurlara ağırlık verilmektedir. Çalışma, Türkiye ile Venezuela arasındaki bu beklenmedik yakınlaşmanın ortak dış tehditlerle mücadele temelinde oluştuğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Her iki devlet, farklı şiddet seviyelerinde bile olsa, ABD yaptırımları ve baskısı altındadır; her iki ülke ekonomisi de kriz anlarıyla karşı karşıya bulunmaktadır. Bu açıdan bu faktörler, aralarındaki ekonomik ilişkilerin karşılıklı avantaj temelinde gelişmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Çalışma, iki ülkenin de son yıllarda gelişen ilişkileri sonucunda hem maddi kazanımlar elde ettiği hem de ideolojik destek sağladıkları sonucuna varmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
In recent years, with the Justice and Development Party coming to power, Turkey has become an active player in the global arena, so that in several international perspectives while paying regard to its Western allies, it has high degree of independence in taking and carrying out its decisions. This has resulted in an intensification of Turkey’s foreign and economic policy partnerships with its neighboring countries as well as with previously overlooked regions. In this sense, Latin America and the Caribbean states have been considered as one of the key and very promising lines of Turkey’s foreign policy. This study aims to scrutinize Turkey’s opening policy in Latin America using the exapmle of Turkish Venezuelan partnership, which has been intensified and diversified as of 2016 after periods of recession and boom. Venezuela is one of the countries with which Turkey has established first diplomatic relations in the Latin America and the Caribbean region, Relations betwen Turkey and Venezuela which have stayed limited for many years mainly because of geographical distance, have gathered a new momentum on account of Turkey's opening policy towards the Latin America and Caribbean as well as mutual high-level visits in recent years. This intercontinental cooperation was reflected in the increasing of trade and economic relations, along with the deepening of diplomatic ties. In the study, the main emphasis is placed on the underlying key elements of this partnership between Turkey and Venezuela. The study reveals that the sudden partnership between Turkey and Venezuela is formed on the basis of struggling against common external challenges. The two states are both under sanctions and pressure by the United States even with a differentiating levels of severity; both economies are facing crisis moments. In this respect, these factors make contribution to the enhancement of economic relations between them on the basis of mutual advantage. The study concludes that the two states has made both material gains and received ideological support as a result of the flourishing relations in recent years.
Keywords
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